The most direct way is to enter the credentials used to set up the device or use the Apple Account Support Page to reset a forgotten password. Contact the Previous Owner:
Devices powered by the A12 chip or newer (iPhone XS, iPhone 11, and all subsequent models up to the modern iPhone 17 series) are entirely immune to these exploits due to their hardware-level Secure Enclave architecture. Legal and Verified Ways to Remove iCloud Activation Lock in box icloud removal 468 free download work