Despite progress, profound challenges remain. Female infanticide and sex-selective abortion, though illegal, persist in some regions, reflecting a deep-seated preference for sons. Child marriage, while declining, still robs thousands of girls of their childhood. Domestic violence and dowry-related harassment cross class and education lines. Even in cities, a woman’s freedom to work late, live alone, or choose a partner is often curtailed by concerns for "family honor" ( izzat ) or safety.
Increased digital penetration through smartphones has democratized access to information.
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Daily cooking relies heavily on spices like turmeric, cumin, and ginger, valued as much for their medicinal properties as their flavor.
The family serves as the central anchor for most Indian women, though their roles within this unit are shifting significantly.