The Administrative XML (AXL) API allows deep access to the system. GitHub scripts can automate the creation of rogue administrative accounts via AXL requests. 4. Attacking the Underneath OS: Cisco VOS
The impact of the incident was significant, as the attacker could have potentially: Cisco CUCM hacking -- GitHub
: Management interfaces (HTTPS, SSH, AXL) should never be exposed to untrusted networks. Use firewall rules to restrict access to only authorized IP addresses and management subnets. Isolate CUCM management traffic from general user traffic using VLANs. This simple measure can prevent an unauthenticated attacker from even reaching the vulnerable web interface. The Administrative XML (AXL) API allows deep access
CUCM (formerly CallManager) runs on a hardened Linux distribution (often a variant of Red Hat). If an attacker compromises a CUCM server, they can: Cisco CUCM hacking -- GitHub