An arousal is a abrupt shift in EEG frequency during sleep, lasting between 3 and 15 seconds. It may include alpha, theta, or beta activity (but not spindles). Frequent micro-arousals fragment sleep, leading to severe daytime sleepiness, and are commonly caused by Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) or Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD). Sleep-Related Epilepsy
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive, safe, and painless diagnostic test that records electrical activity generated by brain neurons. It is the cornerstone of , which is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep disorders. eeg and sleep physiology ppt
Measures muscle tone, typically using electrodes placed on the chin, which is crucial for identifying the muscle atonia (paralysis) characteristic of REM sleep. 3. EEG Waveforms Found in Wakefulness and Sleep An arousal is a abrupt shift in EEG