In October 1930, while imprisoned in Lahore Central Jail, socialist revolutionary wrote his iconic treatise Why I Am an Atheist . In it, he systematically tracked his intellectual journey away from faith.

Although the critique is sharp, the ultimate message is constructive. Soham Swami stressed the importance of developing one's own common sense and reason as the primary tools for spiritual growth. He argued that one's own intellect is the final authority. He also emphasized the core Advaita Vedantic tenet: the realization of . This philosophy of non-duality sees the same divine essence in every creature, a truth that can be directly experienced, not simply believed.

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His spiritual journey began after he met his guru, , a master who synthesized Advaita Vedanta with Mahayana Buddhism. Tibbetibaba initiated him into the path of Advaita Vedanta and gave him the name "Soham," a Sanskrit mantra meaning "I am He" or "I am That". Through intense meditation and yogic practices, he is said to have attained various supernatural powers (siddhis), including levitation and telepathy. His legendary physical strength, which allowed him to wrestle with tigers, earned him the nickname the "Tiger Swami".