: A block cipher that uses a 56-bit key.
Passive attacks (snooping, traffic analysis) versus active attacks (modification of messages, masquerading, replay attacks, denial of service).
Altering legitimate messages to deceive recipients.
MD5 and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) families.
: The modern standard, designed to be faster and more secure than DES.
Transmits ciphertext across untrusted networks. Opponent interceptor: Attempts to capture or alter data.